A Guide to Dunedin's History - A City of Firsts
Our central location makes it easy to explore many top Dunedin attractions, all while enjoying modern, comfortable Dunedin motel accommodation just moments from the city’s most iconic sites.
For a time in the 1860s, Dunedin boomed as people flocked to the Otago goldfields. This influx transformed it into New Zealand’s largest and most prosperous city. Wealth generated from gold mining funded grand architecture, bustling industry, and world-class institutions, enabling Dunedin to become the country’s first true commercial and industrial centre. As a result, many of New Zealand’s most significant “firsts” were born right here.
Dunedin’s reputation as a “city of firsts” is well earned. It was home to the nation’s first university, the first daily newspaper, the first successful shipment of frozen meat, and even the first telephone call in the country. These achievements reflect the innovative spirit and ambitious mindset that shaped the city.
Although Christchurch and Nelson were formally designated as cities earlier, Dunedin is widely regarded as New Zealand’s first true city because, in 1865, it became the first to have an elected city council—signalling the rise of a confident, forward-thinking urban centre.
A City Built on Education
Education has always been central to Dunedin’s identity. The establishment of the University of Otago in 1869 transformed both the region and the nation. The provincial council gifted 100,000 acres of pastoral land to support the institution and authorised it to grant degrees in Arts, Medicine, Law, and Music. Classes began in 1871, and the university later moved to its now-iconic site once the Clocktower and Geology buildings were completed in 1878–79.
In 1875, New Zealand’s first medical school was established here, followed by the country’s first dental school in 1907. Today, the University of Otago remains one of New Zealand’s most respected tertiary institutions. From Bella Vista Dunedin, it’s only a five-minute walk, perfect for exploring the beautifully maintained grounds, admiring the famous Clocktower, or taking a relaxing stroll beside the Water of Leith.
Dunedin also played a major role in advancing women’s education. Caroline Freeman became the first woman to graduate from the University of Otago in 1885, paving the way for trailblazers such as Emily Siedeberg (New Zealand’s first female medical graduate), Ethel Benjamin (the first woman to earn a law degree), and Kathleen Pih (the first Chinese woman to graduate in New Zealand).
Education for younger learners also flourished early. Otago Girls’ High School, founded in 1871, is believed to be the first public girls’ high school in the Southern Hemisphere. It originally shared a building with Otago Boys’ High School, separated by a five-foot fence, an amusing reminder of the social attitudes of the time.
Dunedin continued its innovative streak by establishing the country’s first free kindergarten in 1889. Designed to support children from lower-income families, it emphasised play-based learning, crafts, singing, and practical skills, foundations that have shaped early childhood education nationwide.
Innovations in Transport and the Arts
As the city grew, so did the need for improved transport. Dunedin began with horse-drawn trams in 1879, but its famously steep hills demanded a more practical solution. In 1881, New Zealand’s first cable tram system was introduced, inspired by the model used in San Francisco. The trams operated until 1957 and became an iconic part of Dunedin’s identity.
Today, a passionate community group is restoring part of the historic Mornington line. The cable car building now displays original tram cars, and visitors are welcome on Sundays from midday to 3pm. Taking the bus to Mornington and walking back through the green belt is a scenic way to experience another of Dunedin’s unique attractions.
Culturally, Dunedin also led the way. The Dunedin Public Art Gallery, founded in 1884, was New Zealand’s first public art gallery. Now located in the Octagon, it features exceptional works by Frances Hodgkins, Ralph Hotere, Colin McCahon, and many international artists. Just a 15–20 minute walk from Bella Vista Dunedin, it remains one of the most popular Dunedin attractions, open daily from 10am to 5pm
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Recreation and Natural Beauty
Dunedin is home to the oldest golf club in the Southern Hemisphere. The Otago Golf Club, established in 1871, later relocated to Balmacewen, where it still operates today. Just a five-minute drive from our motel, the course welcomes visitors all year round. Hiring clubs or enjoying a drink at the 19th hole after your round is highly recommended.
Another highlight is the Dunedin Botanic Garden, New Zealand’s first botanic garden and a recognised six-star Garden of International Significance. Originally established in 1863, it spans 33 hectares of landscaped gardens. Only a short walk from Bella Vista Dunedin, the gardens are especially breathtaking in October and November when the rhododendrons bloom.
A Legacy of Innovation
Among Dunedin’s many achievements, one stands out for its national impact: in February 1882, New Zealand’s first successful shipment of frozen meat left Port Chalmers. This innovation transformed the country’s export economy and strengthened trade relationships that continue today.
Stay Where History Lives: Book With Bella Vista Dunedin
Dunedin’s long list of firsts highlights a city built on innovation, education, and progress. With so many key Dunedin attractions nearby, staying at Bella Vista Motel Dunedin places you right in the heart of it all. Whether you’re exploring the university, the Botanic Garden, the art gallery, or
the region’s historic sites, you’ll appreciate modern, comfortable Dunedin motel accommodation just moments away.
For the best rates and exclusive benefits, book directly on the Bella Vista Dunedin website. We look forward to welcoming you and helping you experience the city where New Zealand’s history was made—and continues to thrive.